Ubanza biryana mu matwi cyangwa bishengura bamwe kubona umusore w’igikwerere cyangwa inkumi warangije kwiga amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa kaminuza atazi kwandika interuro neza mu Kinyarwanda.
Ni ibintu n’Umukuru w’Igihugu na we yagaragaje ko biteye inkeke kuko mu 2019, ubwo yasozaga icyiciro cya 12 cy’Itorero Indangamirwa, aho urubyiruko rusigaye rugoreka Ikinyarwanda.
Ati “Twige Ikinyarwanda kuko kumenya ururimi rwawe ari intambwe imwe mu muco. Mpereza, ntabwo ari mereza, umuntu ntabwo ari umunu”. Abanyarwanda bafite umwihariko wo kuvuga Ntu. Gushya, ikintu gishya. Ntabwo ari ugusha. Sha ni s h a … shya ni s h y a…Yego. Ntabwo ari ego. Oya ntabwo ari Hoya.”
Kuba umwana yarangiza kwiga icyiciro cy’amashuri runaka adafite ubumenyi buhwanye n’ubwo yagakwiye kuba afite, ni ibintu bamwe bashobora kuvuga ko bisanzwe ariko aho ikibazo gikomeye kiri ni ukubona urangije ayisumbuye atazi kuvuga cyangwa kwandika ururimi rwe nk’Ikinyarwanda.
Inararibonye mu burezi akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Urwunge rw’Amashuri rwa EPA [Ecole Primaire d’Application] St Michel, Rusingizandekwe Antoine yabwiye IGIHE ko abarimu n’ababyeyi bafite inshingano zo kwita ku mwana ugitangira ishuri bakamwigisha gusoma neza, kubara no kwandika.
Ati “Guhera mu mwaka wa mbere, umwana uramurema, ugomba kumwigisha kubara, gusoma no kwandika. Umwana rero iyo apfiriye aho ngaho, biba birangiye kuko niyo ntambwe ya mbere. Ni hahandi umwana agomba kwitabwaho, dore ko buriya kutamenya gusoma n’ibindi byose biragucika […] Umwarimu rero agomba gufatanya n’umubyeyi kurera wa mwana ukirimo kwiga gutera intambwe ya mbere.”
Rusingizandekwe avuga ko kugira ngo umwana azamukane ubumenyi bukwiriye bigomba kugirwamo uruhare n’ibintu byinshi ariko byose bishingiye ku muryango ndetse na wa mwarimu.
Ati “Hari umugani baca ngo umwana apfa mu iterura, kumenya kuvuga nibyo, kumenya kwandika, gusoma […] nibyo ariko buriya imyandikire tutayitayeho ntacyo tuzaramura mu gihe kiri imbere, kuko imyandikire y’iki gihe igenda igoreka imivugire.”
Byagenze gute ngo iki kibazo gikomere gutya?
Ni ikibazo umuntu wese yakwibaza ariko uganiriye n’ababyeyi, abarezi [abarimu], abanyeshuri ubwabo ndetse n’inararibonye muri uru rwego bahuriza ku kuba mu myaka yashize hari gahunda zashyizweho zo kwimura abanyeshuri badafite ubushobozi ndetse n’amasaha make yo kwigisha Ikinyarwanda.
Abarimu bagaragaza ko kuba hari abanyeshuri barangiza amashuri badafite ubumenyi bwa ngombwa haba mu kuvuga no kwandika Ikinyarwanda cyangwa andi masomo, bifite aho bihurira n’amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi yo mu 2001.
Ni amabwiriza yatanzwe mu gihe hariho intego z’ikinyagihumbi kugira ngo abana bose bajye ku ishuri, amabwiriza yasobanuraga ko icyo umurezi atagomba gushyira imbere ari ugusibiza abana.
Aha benshi bemeza ko ariho haturutse gahunda yagiye itavugwaho rumwe yo kwimura abanyeshuri bose, abatsinze n’abatsinzwe bakajya mu wundi mwaka mu byiswe ‘Promotion Automatique’.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko MINEDUC yo yakunze kugaragaza ko kuba abanyeshuri benshi bakwimuka cyangwa basibira bidakwiye guhuzwa n’ubumenyi, ahubwo igasaba abarimu kwita ku ireme ry’ibyo batanga kugira ngo abanyeshuri bose bige ntawe usigaye.
Abarezi n’abanyeshuri bagaragaza ko kwimura abadafite ubumenyi buhagije bibagiraho ingaruka mu myigire yabo kuzageza no mu buzima bwo hanze barangije amashuri.
Irakoze Eric wiga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye akaba n’umuyobozi uhagarariye abandi banyeshuri kuri GS EPA St Michel yagize ati “Ni ikibazo cyane, bigaragara nabi kubona umunyeshuri wiga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu cyangwa mu wa Gatanu yandika Ikinyarwanda nabi kandi duhera hasi twiga ibihekane neza kugeza mu myaka tugezemo.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ubwo rero iyo umuntu agifite icyo kibazo, hari igihe biterwa n’uko yazamutse kuko hari ukuntu bigira ingaruka ku munyeshuri, ugasanga urugo cyangwa umuryango aturukamo ntibamwitayeho, baba bamuhaye umukoro ntibamufashe, rero yazamuka gutyo akazagera no mu mashuri yo hejuru bikamukurikirana.”
Uwineza Martine na we wiga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu MCB[ Imibare, Ibinyabutabire n’Ibinyabuzima] kuri EPA St Michel yagize ati “Biterwa n’uko umwana yazamutse. Hari igihe azamuka nabi bitewe n’ikigo yizeho cyangwa se iwabo mu muryango adafite abamusobanurira kubera ko nkatwe hano twiga Siyansi ntabwo twiga Ikinyarwanda, umwanya munini, iyo umuntu atazamutse neza mu Kinyarwanda, ntabwo yakiga ageze hano.”
Umwarimu w’Ikinyarwanda akaba amaze imyaka irenga 20 muri uyu mwuga kuri ubu akaba ari umukozi w’Urwunge rw’Amashuri rwa EPA [Ecole Primaire d’Application] St Michel, Marie Rose Mukaremero, agaragaza impamvu muzi zo kuba umwana ashobora kurangiza icyiciro adafite ubumenyi bukwiriye.
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE yagize ati “Birababaje cyane! Iyo turi kwigisha, ubona umwana umubwira nk’ibihekane adashaka kuvuga kubera kugoreka ururimi, ariko akenshi ugasanga umwana apfa mu iterura, bituruka no mu miryango.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Umwana atangira mu mwaka wa mbere, mbere baramwimuraga hariho Promotion Automatique, umwana akimuka mu wa mbere atazi no guca imirongo, atazi no gufata ikaramu, akimuka mu mwaka wa kabiri ngo areke abandi nabo bazabone aho bigira. Ugasanga gusibiza umwana ni ikibazo.”
Mwarimu Mukaremero avuga ko mu myaka yo hambere hari ikintu cyabagaho mu mashuri aho umwana yemererwaga kwimuka ari uko hari umubare w’amasomo runaka yatsinze kabone n’ubwo yaba yagize amanota arenga 50% mu masomo yose uyabariye hamwe.
Ati “Byatumaga umwana yikanga, naho ubu n’ubwo tuvuga ngo umwana azimuka ari uko yagize 50% hari igihe areba akavuga ati cya Kinyarwanda ntacyo kizantwara, ya Mibare ntacyo izantwara. Ibyiza n’icyo kintu cyakagombye kuzazamo, hakagira umubare w’amasomo umwana agomba kubanza gutsinda n’urugero yayatsinzeho.”
Mu myanzuro yafatiwe mu mwiherero wa 17 w’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu wabaye mu 2020, harimo uvuga ku “Guhagarika umuco wo kwimura abanyeshuri batatsinze (automatic promotion) hagamijwe kwimakaza ireme ry’uburezi”.
Minisiteri y’Uburezi ivuga ko ubundi mu mwaka wa mbere n’uwa kabiri w’amashuri abanza, umwana wese wakurikiranywe neza yimurirwa mu mwaka ukurikira ariko ko “nta munyeshuri ugomba kwimukira mu mwaka ukurikiyeho atatsinze nk’uko biteganywa n’isuzumabumenyi n’ibizamini”.
Mu mwaka wa mbere, uwa kabiri n’uwa gatatu w’amashuri abanza, umwana agomba kwimurwa ari uko azi gusoma neza, kwandika no kubara hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’integanyanyigisho zo muri icyo kigero cy’imyigire n’imyigishirize.
MINEDUC mu rugendo rwo kuvuguta umuti urambye…
Kuva ku wa Gatatu tariki 18 Mutarama 2023, i Kigali hari kubera Inama Nyunguranabitekerezo y’iminsi itatu yiga ku guteza imbere umusingi w’imyigire n’imyigishirize mu burezi bw’u Rwanda.
Ni inama yateguwe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi ifatanyije na Banki y’Isi, aho yitabiriwe n’inzego zifite aho zihuriye no guteza imbere uburezi ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye.
Guteza imbere umusingi w’imyigire n’imyigishirize ni ugushyira imbaraga mu bijyanye n’ibyo umwana atangiriraho yiga nko gusoma, kwandika no kubara.
Muri iyi nama inzobere mu burezi, abashakashatsi n’abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye bari kurebera hamwe uko uwo musingi mu myigire n’imyigishirize watezwa imbere kugira ngo urwego rw’uburezi rwose rutere imbere muri rusange.
Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC ushinzwe amashuri y’Incuke, Abanza n’Ayisumbuye, Twagirayezu Gaspard yavuze ko uko ubumenyi umwana azamukana akenshi abuhabwa agitangira ishuri ari nayo mpamvu hari gushyirwa imbaraga mu kugira ngo umusingi ube mwiza.
Ati “Byaragaragaye ko hari abanyeshuri bacu bashobora kugera mu mwaka wa Gatandatu ataramenya kuvuga neza, kwandika neza cyangwa se no gusoma neza ngo yumve ibyo ari gusoma. Icyo ntabwo ari ikibazo kiba kivutse ari mu mwaka wa Gatanu cyangwa uwa Gatandatu.”
“Biba bivuze ko ari ikibazo cyavutse ari mu mwaka wa mbere cyangwa ataranatangira mu mwaka wa mbere. Murabizi ko abanyeshuri batangira mu wa mbere bafite n’ubwo bumenyi bw’ibanze […] ibibazo byagiye bigaragara, icya mbere ni ugufasha abarimu kwigisha neza ndetse no kugira ibikoresho bihagije, abanyeshuri bacu bakaba bafite ibitabo byo gusoma.”
Twagirayezu avuga ko ikindi kintu kizafasha mu gukemura iki kibazo ari ugushyira imbaraga mu buryo bwo gukora isuzumabumenyi n’ibazwa, ku buryo ugaragaye ko yagize ubumenyi bwa ngombwa ariwe ugomba kujya mu cyiciro gikurikiyeho.
Twagirayezu avuga ko ikindi kintu kizafasha mu gukemura iki kibazo ari ugushyira imbaraga mu buryo bwo gukora isuzumabumenyi n’ibazwa, ku buryo ugaragaye ko yagize ubumenyi bwa ngombwa ariwe ugomba kujya mu cyiciro gikurikiyeho.
Ati “Abanyeshuri hari amasuzuma bakorerwa mu ishuri, ayo bakoreshwa n’ishuri ryabo, akarere no ku rwego rw’igihugu. Iyo ikaba ari intambwe ya mbere kugira ngo turebe, ese ibyo twigisha abanyeshuri baba babyumvise? Ese ni ibiki tubigisha tudakora neza, kubera ko nicyo isuzuma ribereyeho.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ikindi turimo kurebaho nanone ni ukugira ngo dutere intambwe mu gukora amasuzuma afasha abanyeshuri bacu gukorana. Muzagenda mubibona no mu bizamini bya leta n’ibindi tuzagenda tugerageza no gushyiramo uburyo dufasha abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda, kubera ko iyo uvuye mu ishuri ukajya mu kazi ukorana n’abandi ntabwo ukora wenyine.”
Impuguke mu burezi akana ari nabyo ashinzwe muri Banki y’Isi, Huma Kidwai avuga ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyagaragaje ubushake bwa politiki mu guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi kandi ari ibintu bitanga icyizere cy’uko mu myaka iri imbere uru rwego ruzaba rukomeye.